WEEKLY PUZZLES · OCTOBER 4

Carving Work Begins at Mount Rushmore

A mountain monument took shape in 1927, but the first cuts into the granite were only the start of a larger story.

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Mount Rushmore in South Dakota as carving began in 1927 under sculptor Gutzon Borglum in the Black Hills.
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Falcon 1, a SpaceX two-stage rocket, launched from Omelek Island in Kwajalein Atoll and reached orbit on 28 September 2008.

Falcon 1 Reaches Orbit on Fourth Flight

A remote island launch, three earlier failures, and one stripped-down payload made this flight a crucial test of…
Representatives of Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France at the Munich conference of 29-30 September 1938 on Czechoslovakia's Sudeten borderlands.

Munich Agreement Redraws Czechoslovakia's Border

A late-night agreement in Munich changed Central Europe's borders. The most affected country was there, but not at the…
USS Nautilus, the submarine commissioned at Groton, Connecticut, on 30 September 1954, entered U.S. Navy service with nuclear propulsion.

USS Nautilus Enters Service in Groton

A submarine entered service in Groton carrying more than a new engine. Its acceptance hinted at a different future…
Mao Zedong at Tiananmen in Beijing, where he proclaimed the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.

Mao Zedong Proclaims the People's Republic of China

A ceremony in Beijing announced a new state, but the crucial groundwork had been laid in the days before. One public…
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, is the subject linked to this historical date in western India.

Birth of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

A birth in Porbandar in 1869 began a life later tied to empire, protest, and political change. The setting matters as…
German A-4 rocket testing at the Peenemünde Army Research Center on Usedom Island in October 1942. The vehicle was later widely known as the V-2.

First successful flight of the German A-4 rocket

A breakthrough launch on the Baltic coast changed rocket history, even as it remained tied to a wartime weapons program.
Mount Rushmore in South Dakota as carving began in 1927 under sculptor Gutzon Borglum in the Black Hills.

Carving Work Begins at Mount Rushmore

A mountain monument took shape in 1927, but the first cuts into the granite were only the start of a larger story.

Also this week

Slovak edition
Representatives of Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and France at the Munich Agreement in Munich in September 1938, concerning Czechoslovakia's Sudeten border areas.

Munich Agreement Redrew Czechoslovakia Without Its Participation

A late-night agreement in Munich changed Czechoslovakia's borders and its place in Europe. The missing voice at the…
Slovak edition
Historical material related to Slovenská slepecká tlač in Levoča, where regular publishing for blind readers began in 1931.

Regular operations begin at Slovenská slepecká tlač

A quiet change in Levoča helped make reading more dependable for blind readers. Its impact lasted far beyond a single…
Slovak edition
Historical reference to the 4 October 1941 order forcing many Jewish residents to leave Bratislava for designated towns in Slovakia.

Order Forced Jews to Leave Bratislava

A wartime order reshaped Bratislava in a single stroke, forcing thousands to leave. Its language was administrative;…